Demographics
Foreign-Born Population

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Foreign-Born Population

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What does this measure?

The percentage of the population in a region that is foreign-born, which includes anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth. People who become U.S. citizens through naturalization are considered foreign-born.

Why is this important?

Foreign-born Americans and their descendants have historically been a main driver of population growth, and that role will only increase in the future. According to the Pew Research Center, new immigrants and their children and grandchildren accounted for 55% of the U.S. population increase from 1965 to 2015, from 193 million to 324 million. Pew projects the population will grow to 441 million in 2065, and 88% of the increase is linked to future immigrants and their descendants. This measure also is a reflection of the composition of a community, which can offer insight into its levels of diversity.

How is the region performing?

The foreign-born share of the population in the Mid-Hudson Valley increased slightly from 2000 to 2017-21, from 8% to 10%. The percentage in 2017-21 was slightly lower than New York State excluding New York City (12%) and the U.S. (14%). The state and nation also had slight increases in foreign-born population since 2000.

Among the region's counties, foreign-born residents represented the largest share of the overall population in 2017-21 in Putnam County, at 14%, followed by Orange, at 12%. Greene had the smallest share, at 6%. In raw numbers, Orange had the largest foreign-born population (about 46,600 residents), followed by Dutchess (about 33,600 residents). The two smallest were Greene, with only about 2,700 foreign-born residents, and Columbia, at 4,100.

Among the region's larger communities, Newburgh (Orange County) had one of the biggest percentages of foreign-born residents, at 23%. Poughkeepsie (Dutchess County), at 17%, also was quite a bit higher than the region as a whole.

Notes about the data

The multiyear figures are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. The bureau combined 5 years of responses to the survey to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. However, because the information came from a survey, the samples responding to the survey were not always large enough to produce reliable results, especially in small geographic areas. CGR has noted on data tables the estimates with relatively large margins of error. Estimates with three asterisks have the largest margins, plus or minus 50% or more of the estimate. Two asterisks mean plus or minus 35%-50%, and one asterisk means plus or minus 20%-35%. For all estimates, the confidence level is 90%, meaning there is 90% probability the true value (if the whole population were surveyed) would be within the margin of error (or confidence interval). The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census. Data for this indicator are released annually in December.

Foreign-Born Population
20002007-112012-162017-21
Region8%10%10%10%
Columbia County4%6%7%7%
Dutchess County8%11%11%11%
Greene County6%5%6%6%
Orange County8%11%11%12%
Putnam County9%11%13%14%
Sullivan County8%10%10%10%
Ulster County6%7%8%7%
NYS (excluding NYC)9%11%12%12%
U.S.11%13%13%14%
Columbia Cities
Hudson11%12%*16%*17%*
Columbia Towns
Ancram4%7%**7%***6%**
Austerlitz4%6%**5%**5%**
Canaan2%2%***3%***5%**
Chatham3%6%**5%***6%**
Claverack3%5%**4%**4%***
Clermont4%6%***6%**7%**
Copake4%4%***7%***4%***
Gallatin4%5%*6%**6%**
Germantown5%3%***7%*6%***
Ghent3%4%**8%***6%***
Greenport3%4%**7%**8%**
Hillsdale7%11%***7%**6%**
Kinderhook2%3%**4%**4%*
Livingston5%8%***5%**9%**
New Lebanon4%8%**6%***5%***
Stockport3%4%***3%***9%***
Stuyvesant3%2%***6%***3%***
Taghkanic7%5%**5%**8%**
Columbia Villages
Chatham4%4%***4%***3%***
Kinderhook4%7%***5%***7%***
Philmont2%3%***6%***1%***
Valatie3%4%***4%***5%***
Dutchess Cities
Beacon8%10%*13%*11%*
Poughkeepsie14%22%19%17%
Dutchess Towns
Amenia5%9%**4%***11%**
Beekman5%9%*10%9%*
Clinton4%6%**5%**6%***
Dover6%9%*10%*12%*
East Fishkill7%12%10%10%
Fishkill10%14%12%11%
Hyde Park5%6%*7%7%*
La Grange7%8%*8%11%*
Milan11%5%***13%***8%**
North East5%9%***14%**9%**
Pawling7%9%*10%*8%*
Pine Plains6%3%***6%***5%***
Pleasant Valley4%5%*8%*7%*
Poughkeepsie11%12%13%16%
Red Hook6%9%*8%*8%
Rhinebeck6%5%*12%*7%*
Stanford5%9%***5%***9%**
Union Vale6%10%**8%*12%*
Wappinger10%14%13%10%
Washington7%7%**9%**6%**
Dutchess Villages
Fishkill9%21%**14%*9%***
Millbrook7%10%**6%***8%***
Millerton5%16%***16%***16%***
Pawling8%9%***13%*15%**
Red Hook6%12%***11%**11%**
Rhinebeck4%4%***16%*9%***
Tivoli3%5%***6%***7%***
Wappingers Falls17%21%*26%*15%**
Greene Towns
Ashland5%11%***9%***2%***
Athens6%6%**3%***13%**
Cairo7%4%**7%***4%***
Catskill5%5%**5%**5%**
Coxsackie7%3%**7%*5%*
Durham10%10%*6%**4%***
Greenville8%4%***5%**4%***
Halcott10%4%***12%***9%***
Hunter6%13%*11%***8%***
Jewett11%8%***13%***8%***
Lexington9%5%***5%***7%***
New Baltimore3%1%***3%***2%***
Prattsville6%10%***9%***4%***
Windham9%4%***6%***12%***
Greene Villages
Athens3%4%***3%***12%***
Catskill4%3%***4%***7%***
Coxsackie3%3%***6%***5%***
Hunter11%5%***17%***24%***
Tannersville8%2%***0%***6%***
Orange Cities
Middletown14%21%18%17%
Newburgh20%26%24%23%
Port Jervis3%5%**7%**9%**
Orange Towns
Blooming Grove6%6%*8%9%*
Chester7%10%*13%*6%**
Cornwall6%6%*5%*5%*
Crawford5%5%***5%*6%*
Deerpark3%4%**2%**6%**
Goshen8%12%*7%*11%
Greenville5%8%**6%**8%**
Hamptonburgh5%6%**13%**8%***
Highlands6%6%*7%*11%*
Minisink3%3%***5%***6%***
Monroe10%11%11%15%
Montgomery5%6%*7%*8%*
Mount Hope7%10%*8%*11%**
New Windsor8%11%12%15%
Newburgh8%8%10%11%
Tuxedo10%8%*10%*13%**
Wallkill9%13%13%15%
Warwick5%9%*6%8%
Wawayanda7%7%**8%*6%*
Woodbury6%14%*18%*18%*
Orange Villages
Chester6%18%**18%*6%***
Cornwall-on-Hudson5%3%***3%***5%**
Florida4%10%**9%*11%**
Goshen8%11%*6%**13%*
Greenwood Lake6%9%**3%***16%**
Harriman12%20%*21%*26%**
Highland Falls9%10%**13%*20%*
Kiryas Joel9%7%6%7%*
Maybrook6%12%**12%*9%**
Monroe10%10%*17%*18%
Montgomery7%3%***4%***4%**
Otisville2%4%***5%***15%***
South Blooming Grove8%***13%*7%**
Tuxedo Park15%9%***7%***13%**
Unionville2%2%***9%***1%***
Walden5%7%**5%**13%***
Warwick6%6%**4%***11%*
Washingtonville7%7%**9%*9%*
Woodbury13%*17%*14%*
Putnam Towns
Carmel10%11%13%11%
Kent6%9%12%17%
Patterson5%9%*12%*14%*
Philipstown9%10%*8%8%*
Putnam Valley9%13%*12%*13%*
Southeast10%14%16%20%
Putnam Villages
Brewster32%41%*52%*44%
Cold Spring8%5%***8%*7%**
Nelsonville7%15%***8%**10%**
Sullivan Towns
Bethel9%7%**9%**6%**
Callicoon6%4%***5%***4%***
Cochecton5%5%***3%***8%**
Delaware9%8%**10%*7%***
Fallsburg10%17%13%*11%*
Forestburgh6%6%***10%**9%**
Fremont3%3%***3%***5%***
Highland9%8%***11%*15%***
Liberty8%10%*13%*17%*
Lumberland15%9%**12%*6%**
Mamakating5%6%*5%*6%**
Neversink6%3%***4%***8%***
Rockland5%6%***4%***5%***
Thompson10%13%13%12%*
Tusten4%5%**6%**6%**
Sullivan Villages
Bloomingburg1%5%***8%***1%***
Jeffersonville5%13%***15%***3%***
Liberty10%11%**16%**24%**
Monticello14%18%*16%*14%**
Woodridge11%18%**12%**9%***
Wurtsboro4%1%***4%***6%***
Ulster Cities
Kingston5%11%12%11%*
Ulster Towns
Denning2%1%***4%***13%***
Esopus5%4%**5%**10%**
Gardiner6%5%**7%***7%**
Hardenburgh5%1%***1%***4%***
Hurley5%4%**5%**4%**
Kingston1%1%***3%***4%***
Lloyd6%6%*6%*8%*
Marbletown3%5%**4%***11%**
Marlborough6%7%*5%**4%**
New Paltz11%9%*10%7%*
Olive7%3%**8%**5%***
Plattekill5%9%*8%*5%*
Rochester6%6%**4%**12%**
Rosendale4%2%***4%**11%***
Saugerties4%5%**7%*5%*
Shandaken12%9%***12%**6%***
Shawangunk4%5%**5%**5%**
Ulster4%6%*9%*6%
Wawarsing10%12%*10%7%*
Woodstock7%8%*9%*7%*
Ulster Villages
Ellenville11%13%**9%**8%***
New Paltz15%10%*12%*9%*
Saugerties6%5%***7%***6%***

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%.




Number of Foreign-Born People
20002007-112012-162017-21
Region82,916112,852114,938121,277
Columbia County2,7793,5384,1174,126
Dutchess County23,60033,90633,60033,170
Greene County3,0642,5232,8672,736
Orange County28,71041,32340,71346,634
Putnam County8,42011,09012,55513,577
Sullivan County5,8757,5047,3567,699
Ulster County10,46812,96813,73013,335
NYS (excluding NYC)997,1011,225,2231,296,1351,354,441
U.S.31,107,88939,268,83842,194,35444,844,808
Columbia Cities
Hudson792804*1,051*1,027*
Columbia Towns
Ancram63104**103***83**
Austerlitz6489**81**79**
Canaan4237***44***81**
Chatham140241**210***248**
Claverack216298**222**247***
Clermont71114***128**140**
Copake130152***261***132***
Gallatin55108*103**90**
Germantown10160***132*95***
Ghent169193**406***297***
Greenport125178**284**332**
Hillsdale116208***118**92**
Kinderhook202271**368**345*
Livingston164272***166**333**
New Lebanon104199**150***112***
Stockport88114***95***229***
Stuyvesant6142***134***66***
Taghkanic7654**61**98**
Columbia Villages
Chatham6469***56***47***
Kinderhook4694***70***101***
Philmont3540***81***16***
Valatie4571***61***82***
Dutchess Cities
Beacon1,1741,519*1,806*1,467*
Poughkeepsie4,1387,2655,8445,286
Dutchess Towns
Amenia205418**178***418**
Beekman5321,333*1,3981,222*
Clinton173261**226**239***
Dover489789*854*1,045*
East Fishkill1,8213,3252,9113,064
Fishkill2,0722,9722,8532,678
Hyde Park1,0191,307*1,5091,556*
La Grange1,1151,208*1,3241,732*
Milan490114***291***199**
North East142283***419**276**
Pawling559757*845*679*
Pine Plains14980***146***103***
Pleasant Valley357511*809*696*
Poughkeepsie4,5245,3305,9187,101
Red Hook662977*877*811
Rhinebeck486387*887*510*
Stanford176344***200***349**
Union Vale264487**408*569*
Wappinger2,7343,8933,4542,891
Washington319346**443**279**
Dutchess Villages
Fishkill155494**290*170***
Millbrook93156**93***115***
Millerton43129***132***140***
Pawling178224***274*308**
Red Hook118220***192**213**
Rhinebeck127105***420*238***
Tivoli3952***71***56***
Wappingers Falls8241,131*1,400*885**
Greene Towns
Ashland3567***72***13***
Athens225239**130***525**
Cairo475257**446***255***
Catskill544576**560**566**
Coxsackie606301**590*447*
Durham266273*158**109***
Greenville253163***171**149***
Halcott2111***29***40***
Hunter170344*305***232***
Jewett10775***97***81***
Lexington7354***47***41***
New Baltimore10126***92***59***
Prattsville3772***63***30***
Windham15165***107***189***
Greene Villages
Athens4770***48***211***
Catskill194126***141***257***
Coxsackie9284***169***149***
Hunter5124***60***86***
Tannersville368***3***36***
Orange Cities
Middletown3,4235,8264,8925,021
Newburgh5,7427,5316,7806,666
Port Jervis268405**617**826**
Orange Towns
Blooming Grove1,1121,111*1,4331,721*
Chester8461,183*1,555*698**
Cornwall711699*613*667*
Crawford401417***480*522*
Deerpark234355**184**431**
Goshen1,0231,626*1,023*1,567
Greenville189356**263**365**
Hamptonburgh233332**690**466***
Highlands697767*870*1,338*
Minisink111120***222***258***
Monroe3,0294,3714,5053,267
Montgomery1,0721,391*1,581*1,773*
Mount Hope495717*534*706**
New Windsor1,8562,7803,0764,099
Newburgh2,0942,3152,9383,552
Tuxedo335299*363*498**
Wallkill2,1993,5783,5694,508
Warwick1,6663,031*1,8802,685
Wawayanda449495**613*445*
Woodbury5251,618*2,032*2,162*
Orange Villages
Chester228721**712*265***
Cornwall-on-Hudson140104***96***149**
Florida107275**254*311**
Goshen433626*344**753*
Greenwood Lake185278**92***493**
Harriman276497*534*824**
Highland Falls315391**490*755*
Kiryas Joel1,1721,4401,3962,393*
Maybrook187357**385*277**
Monroe800863*1,444*1,705
Montgomery244102***175***159**
Otisville2344***51***233***
South Blooming Grove273***427*277**
Tuxedo Park11351***43***86**
Unionville99***53***10***
Walden278469**347**901***
Warwick367403**263***716*
Washingtonville404420**530*508*
Woodbury1,422*1,909*1,604*
Putnam Towns
Carmel3,3173,6754,3383,870
Kent8821,2601,5842,205
Patterson6191,112*1,495*1,664*
Philipstown856963*815751*
Putnam Valley9501,500*1,398*1,533*
Southeast1,7962,5802,9253,554
Putnam Villages
Brewster697911*1,196*1,091
Cold Spring15983***148*135**
Nelsonville41109***58**67**
Sullivan Towns
Bethel370318**362**224**
Callicoon180123***157***133***
Cochecton6367***42***110**
Delaware232226**255*154***
Fallsburg1,2012,2271,722*1,531*
Forestburgh4849***96**80**
Fremont4637***45***58***
Highland206206***249*318***
Liberty786950*1,209*1,691*
Lumberland295225**303*140**
Mamakating593740*633*819**
Neversink213123***143***265***
Rockland190212***157***177***
Thompson1,3971,9321,9071,905*
Tusten5569**76**94**
Sullivan Villages
Bloomingburg320***35***4***
Jeffersonville2243***45***14***
Liberty395490**670**1,178**
Monticello9001,223*1,038*1,011**
Woodridge102142**119**66***
Wurtsboro4816***46***78***
Ulster Cities
Kingston1,2002,7292,7852,575*
Ulster Towns
Denning99***23***56***
Esopus432370**460**914**
Gardiner328278**388***417**
Hardenburgh122***2***4***
Hurley305260**331**232**
Kingston1010***26***37***
Lloyd579700*652*887*
Marbletown169277**246***634**
Marlborough517623*468**342**
New Paltz1,4311,193*1,3551,034*
Olive335154**367**210***
Plattekill516977*807*547*
Rochester410436**281**838**
Rosendale233145***230**626***
Saugerties808996**1,360*982*
Shandaken384260***350**180***
Shawangunk528740**728**666**
Ulster542747*1,062*789
Wawarsing1,2771,614*1,251936*
Woodstock443448*558*429*
Ulster Villages
Ellenville462528**349**351***
New Paltz935687*875*628*
Saugerties284187***271***223***

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%.




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